Primary Sources

Askinson, WIlliam George, Perfumes and their Preparation, New York: N. W. Henley & Co. 1892.

The Atchison Champion, Atchison, KS, February 19, 1890.

Cooley, Arnold J. The Toilet: In Ancient and Modern Times, Volume II. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1873.

Courier & Evening Gazette, London, England, September 26, 1797.

Galveston Daily News, Houston, TX, November 24, 1893.

Grimble, Frances. The Lady’s Stratagem: A Repository of 1820’s Directions for the Toilet, Mantua-Making, Stay-Making, Millinery,& Etiquette. San Francisco: Lavolta Press, 2009.

Hine, Lewis Wicks, photographic print, September 1912, LOT 7481, no. 3030, “Tenement Homework” Album, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004003264/PP/ (accessed April 1, 2014).

Jesson, Thomas. Improvement in Brush-Making Machines. United States Patent and Trademark Office, September 11, 1877. https://www.google.com/patents/US195017?dq=machine+for+brush+making&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tj4qU-uDDciT0AGZ0IGYDg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA (accessed April 1, 2014)

Lowell Daily Citizen, untitled article, November 9, 1874.

“Sanitary Conditions of the City: New York Academy of Medicine, Discussion on Yellow Fever.” New York Daily Times, August 8, 1856.

Smith Florence, “Pocket Folding Toothbrush” United States Patent and Trademark Office, September 24, 1940. https://www.google.com/patents/US2216026?dq=toothbrush&hl=en&sa=X&ei=g4A8U_-uE4ipsAS-moHgBg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCDgK (accessed April 2, 2014) .

Taylor & Souther Co. (Lowell, Mass.), Account and inventory book, 1833-1838, Doc. 1560, Manuscript Collection, Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library, Winterthur, Delaware.

“Rag and Bone Exchange” National American & United States Gazette, Philadelphia, April 12, 1853.

“Rag Pickers and Bone Gatherers of New York.” New Hampshire Statesman, April 16, 1853.

Rocky Mountain News. Denver, Co, November 13, 1892

United States Tariff Commission, The Brush Industry; Tariff Information Series No. 8. Washington D.C: Government Printing Office, 1918.

 

Secondary Sources

Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991.

Mattick, Barbara E. A Guide to Bone Toothbrushes of the 19^th and Early 20^th Centuries.” Xlibris, 2010.

Museum of Health, Kingston. “The Humble Toothbrush’s Extravagant Past.” Blog post, http://museumofhealthcare.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/the-humble-toothbrushs-extravagant-past/ (accessed April 2, 2014).

“Recycling Mystery: Toothbrushes and Toothpaste Tubes.” http://earth911.com/news/2012/08/30/recycling-toothbrushes-and-toothpaste-tubes/ (accessed April 2, 2014).

Shackel, Paul A. Personal Discipline and Material Culture: An Archaeology of Annapolis, Maryland, 1695-1870. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.

Wright, Lawrence. Clean and Decent: The Fascinating History of the Bathroom and the Water Closet.  New York: Viking Press, 1960.